Volume-2 ,Issue-5, May-2026

In order to guarantee the safe and efficient use of medications, pharmacovigilance is an essential area of healthcare that focuses on the identification, evaluation, comprehension, and prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). It has changed dramatically throughout time, especially in the wake of large drug safety incidents, and is currently backed by national and international monitoring programs like the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India and the WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring. The main ideas of pharmacovigilance, categories of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), detection and reporting techniques, causality assessment tools, and the function of regulatory bodies in drug safety monitoring are all highlighted in this overview. It also covers contemporary developments that have increased the effectiveness of ADR detection, such as data mining, artificial intelligence, electronic health records, and mobile reporting systems. Notwithstanding these advancements, problems including underreporting, ignorance, poor data quality, and resource constraints still exist, particularly in poorer nations. The study highlights that increasing drug safety and patient outcomes requires bolstering pharmacovigilance through international cooperation, technology integration, and active patient and healthcare professional participation.

Keyword: Pharmacovigilance; Adverse drug reactions (ADRs); Drug safety; Signal detection; Causality assessment; WHO-UMC scale